The Industrial Revolution Evolution or Revolution

Three of the main battlegrounds between historians concerning the Industrial Revolution have been over the speed of the transformation, the key reason(s) behind it, and even whether there really was one. Most historians now agree that there was an industrial revolution (which is a start), although there has been discussion over what exactly constitutes a ‘revolution’ in industry. Phyliss Deane described an ongoing, self-sustaining period of economic growth with large generational increases in productivity and consumption. If we assume there was a revolution, and leaving speed aside for the moment, then the obvious question is what caused it? For historians, there are two schools of thought when it comes to this. One looks at a single industry triggering a take off among the others, while a second theory argues for a slower, longer-term evolution of many interlinked factors. Cotton’s Take Off Historians like Rostow have argued that the revolution was a sudden event stimulated by one industry surging ahead, dragging the rest of the economy along with it. Rostow used the analogy of an airplane, ‘taking off’ the runway and swiftly rising high, and for him–and other historians–the cause was the cotton industry. This commodity grew in popularity during the eighteenth century, and the demand for cotton is seen to have prompted investment, which stimulated invention and in turn improved productivity. This, the argument goes, stimulated transport, iron, urbanization, and other effects. Cotton led to new machines to make it, new transport to move it, and new money to be spent on improving the industry. Cotton led a massive change in the world but only if you accept the theory. There is another option: evolution. Evolution Historians such as Deane, Crafts, and Nef have argued for a more gradual change, albeit over different time periods. Deane claims that gradual changes in a multitude of industries all occurred simultaneously, each subtly stimulating the other further, so the industrial change was an incremental, group affair. Iron developments allowed steam production which improved factory production and long distant demand for goods provoked investment in steam railways which allowed greater movement of iron’s materials. Deane tends to put the revolution as starting in the eighteenth-century, but Nef has argued that the beginnings of the revolution can be seen in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, meaning it may be inaccurate to speak of an eighteenth-century revolution with preconditions. Other historians have seen the revolution as a gradual, ongoing process from before the traditional eighteenth-century date right up until the present day.

Outline for Informative Speech on Galveston Hurricane of 1900

Attention-getter: How many of you feel safe in your homes or know that if a natural disaster struck you would be able to make it out alive? Audience Relevance: Due in large part to the early warning systems we have in place today, we can avoid the vast majority of natural disasters in a way that previous generations could not. C.Speaker Credibility: As a resident of Houston, Texas, I grew up hearing the tales of some of the major Hurricanes that had zeroed in on our coastal region and left it in shambles. In 2008, Hurricane Ike, one of the most destructive hurricanes in Texas history, knocked out power to over 2.6 million people. The storm caused a 14-foot surge and over 18 inches of rainfall. Before the day was over Ike had claimed 84†¦show more content†¦1. Isaac Cline was the head of the U.S. Weather Bureau in Galveston in 1900. He would have been the first line of defense against any major meteorological events. 2. The book, â€Å"Isaacs Storm: A Man, A Time, and the Deadliest Hurricane in History by Erik Larson,† details not only the harrowing tales of Isaac and other Galveston residents who weathered the storm, but delves further into the issues that left Galveston unprepared that late Summer’s day. 3. At the turn of the twentieth century, Americans were especially confident in their technology and mastery over the natural world, that many felt that inclement and dangerous weather could be predicted so accurately that there was no need to fear. These attitudes in combination with a series of political problems within the Weather Bureau led to the ignoring of warnings from Cuban meteorologists regarding the storm. In an effort not to cause panic, no warning was given to Galveston residents of the storm until it was too late. The lack of warning combined with Galveston’s misfortune of being very near the eye of the hurricane and being hit by the storm at a 90 ° angel, left the city vulnerable to the storm’s full force. Transition: A combination of pride and ignorance would lead to the loss of more than 6,000 lives and left 8,000 homeless. Main Point #2: Regardless of the late warning that the citizens of Galveston received the main problem lay in how the city was

Parent-Child Relationship Free Essays

The topic I have choose for my paper is that of relationship between parents and children. Some of the points that I will be discussing are child abuse, child neglect and how it can affect a child and the relationship with the parents. A parent-child relationship is a special relationship that has a huge effect on the way that the child will turn out. We will write a custom essay sample on Parent-Child Relationship or any similar topic only for you Order Now This relationship is formed through pregnancy, adoption, and step parenting. Parenting requires a great deal of adaptation. The parents want to develop a strong bond with their child but they also want to maintain a healthy marital relationship and adult friendships. Potential parents often ask themselves what they will be like when they are parents and try to recall some experiences when they were children. Mothers are the primary caretakers of the children. The fathers have had minimal care taking responsibilities. Many women, if they had a career before hand, have to give it up to stay at home with the child. Although, many fathers where the wives must work become important in the process of care taking because their role must increase to their children. Studies of human fathers and their infants confirm that many fathers can act sensitively with their infant (according to Parke Sawin, 1980) and their infants form attachments to both their mothers and fathers at roughly the same age (according to Lamb, 1977). A number of studies have been done on the caretaker’s effects on the child and suggests that the effects may have been caused by child’s behavior as much as by the caretaker’s (according to Bell 1979). The child’s aggression level can be affected by the parent’s authoritarian discipline. â€Å"Parents differ widely in sensing the needs of their infants. Some parents are able to quickly notice their child’s moods and periods of distress, this is called synchrony, and they then comfort their child’s needs. Another way that parents react may be slow or they may not even notice a need for action. That is called asynchrony†(according to Schaffer, 1977). In 1978 a group of researchers in infant development at the University of Wisconsin demonstrated that mothers’ synchrony with their infants’ needs prompts physiological responses. The infant’s temperament may partially stem from the way in which the mother handles the child. The child is affected by the way that they are treated even when they are infants. Frank Perderson and his colleagues in 1977 conducted research on what the link was between spouse relationship and parent-infant relationship. â€Å"Perderson and his colleagues believed that the three units of interaction (mother-father, mother-child, father-child) are interrelated† (according to Perderson 1977). This showed that when the wife and husband showed positive interaction towards each other (smiling and affection) they then would show their infant affection. When there was negative interaction between the wife and husband (verbal critic and blame) it was strongly linked to negative affection shown to the infant by the father. A form of negative interaction by a parent with their child is child neglect. Child neglect is when the parent of the child fails to meet the child’s basic physical or psychological needs. Child neglect is the most common and most destructive form of child maltreatment. Child Neglect can occur in any family, rich or poor, but neglectful parents tend to have little education, money, few friends, and many children. Neglect can take many forms, such as inadequate clothing, shelter, or medical care. The three most harmful forms of child neglect are inadequate food (nutrition), safety and love. (According to the Encyclopedia of Psychology) Inadequate Food (nutrition): This is the most basic form of physical neglect. In North America more infants die starving to death then dieing by brutality. Improper feeding doesn’t just have to be starving to death, it can also what the child eats and what the parents allow their child to eat. Feeding a child improperly may also result in obesity, which can cause severe damage of a child’s ego in middle childhood. Safety: Inadequate supervision and precaution are examples of child neglect, and are present in ninety percent (90%) of the serious accidents that happen to children. â€Å"In North America more children die of accidents than the next six causes of childhood death combined† (according to the Encyclopedia of Psychology). This is not to say that parental neglect is the only causes of childhood accidents Love: Older children are able to meet their own needs for nourishment and safety. Every child, no matter what their age, needs the love of their parents. Like John Lennon of the Beatles said â€Å" All you need is love†. Although parents may meet their child’s physical needs but miss their psychological needs. Parental love takes on different forms. â€Å"The first year one-on-one interaction with a caretaker is important. The second year encouragement of exploration and language is vital. In early childhood cognitive development should be simulated. In middle childhood school achievement and friendships should be fostered. In adolescence growing independence must be balanced by continued evidence of parental concern† (according to â€Å"Psychology† by Don Baucum). It is the parents’ job to supply those materials until the child is grown and is capable to supply himself/herself with these materials of life. Love has to always be present by the parents even until their dying days. Another form of negative interaction between a parents and their child is child abuse. â€Å"Child Abuse is defined as the non accidental injury of children by their parent or guardian† (according to â€Å"Psychology† by Don Vacuum). Child abuse can be either mental or physical. The way Americans approach child abuse has followed the shifting history of social values and attitudes toward children. Child abuse is a big obstacle in the relationship between a parent and their child. Child abuse is a major form of negative interaction between a parents and their child. Sexual abuse is in it’s own separate area which deserves attention in it’s own right. Sexual abuse can take place with or without other physical abuse or neglect. The majority of physical abuse requires no medical treatment and fewer that one percent (1%) receive fatal injuries. â€Å"Studies find boys to be more frequently abused physically than girls until adolescence, then with the inclusion of sexual abuse, girls are more frequently abused† (according to the Encyclopedia of Psychology). Most parents who abuse their child carry no serious psychiatric diagnosis, but they do often have difficulty with social relationships. The parents also have a problem with controlling their temper and impulsive behavior, which becomes violent. Most of these parents don’t experience considerable stress from their environment, but have difficulty dealing with stress through appropriate behavior. Negative interaction in the parent/child relationship can cause behavior disorders in the child. Alcoholism, hostility, cruelty, neglect, overprotection of the child or excessive ambitions for the child are disruptive actions that may lead to behavior disorders. Child psychiatry is a way to help the problems in the relationship between the parent/child. Children watch their parents closely and are sensitive to their moods and actions. They are like this because they know that their care and well being rest solely in the hands of their parents. The key relationship in any two-part family is the parental relationship. Children’s knowledge of how they are supposed to treat each other, is reflected mainly upon their observations of how their parents treat each other and other people. Parent/child relationship is important because they provide the main context in how they are to be social. The parent/child relationship is important because it allows the child to learn from his/her parents. Good, loving parents will help to develop a better child. A good relationship will allow for good friendships later in life and also a good upbringing. How to cite Parent-Child Relationship, Essay examples